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When is influenza most frequent?
While in seasonal countries, influenza cases tend to increase in numbers during late fall or winter, tropical countries like Malaysia have a less clearly defined period. However, according to a recent study done by University Malaya and the government, the Influenza trend here is found to increase from November to March and July to September no doubt it is still present all year round.
What do we need to take note of?
Transmission
Influenza is transmitted through
Droplets from a cough or sneeze from an infected person as the virus are often present in respiratory secretions of infected persons.
Breathing small viral aerosols in the air
Contact with contaminated surfaces
When does one start to show signs of influenza after an exposure?
The Incubation period ranges from 1 to 4 days, averaging at the 2nd day for most.
How long is someone contagious for?
Typically viral shedding occurs in + 6.4 days according to studies but it can take a longer time for certain groups of people (children, older adults, patients with chronic illnesses, obese adults, and immunocompromised hosts)
Possible Complications
Pneumonia - primary influenza pneumonia or secondary bacterial pneumonia or mixed
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and multisystem organ failure
Myositis and rhabdomyolysis - most frequent in children
Cardiac complications
Central nervous system involvement
Toxic shock syndrome
Influenza is an acute contagious viral respiratory disease, therefore prevention is important and taking measures to prevent the spread is equally important.
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Reference :
https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-manifestations-of-seasonal-influenza-in-adults#H2
https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2020/01/646765/penyakit-seperti-influenza-meningkat
Picture credit:
http://discoveries.childrenshospital.org/hope-for-better-flu-vaccines/
National Institute of Health
https://www.mirror.co.uk/science/how-far-sneeze-really-travel-8108769
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia
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