ADAKAH KITA BOLEH HAMIL KETIKA MENGAMBIL PIL PERANCANG?
ADAKAH KITA BOLEH HAMIL KETIKA...
Typhoid fever, locally known by the Malaysians as Demam Kepialu, is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, which is related to the bacteria that cause salmonella food poisoning. It is a potentially serious illness that primarily affects the digestive system and can spread to other parts of the body. The symptoms of typhoid fever can be enfeebling including:
Without prompt treatment, it can lead to severe complications and even be deadly!
Typhoid typically happens when people consume food or water that has been contaminated by the faeces or urine of an infected person. It can also be spread through the use of a contaminated bathroom and touching your mouth before washing your hands, or by eating seafood caught from a contaminated water source.
In regions where proper disposal of human waste is lacking, contaminated water sources are the primary means of transmission. On the other hand, in regions with improved sanitation practices, the transmission of typhoid fever is more commonly associated with the consumption of contaminated food.
Typhim Vi® By Sanofi Aventis (M) Sdn Bhd |
Vivotif Oral® By Propharm (M) Sdn Bhd |
Typherix® By GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceutical Sdn Bhd |
|
Content |
Polysaccharide vaccine. 0.5mL of syringe contains 0.025mg purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi strain Ty2. |
Live attenuated vaccine. |
Polysaccharide vaccine. 0.5mL of syringe contains 0.025mg purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi strain Ty2. |
Administration Route |
Injections deep into muscles |
Oral |
Injections deep into muscles |
Minimum age for vaccination |
≥2 years old |
≥6 years old |
≥2 years old |
Dose Schedule |
Single injection |
Take one capsule on days 1, 3, and 5. It is important to swallow whole the capsule one hour before eating with lukewarm water (not more than 37°C) |
Single injection |
Booster |
Every 2 years |
Every 3-5 years |
Every 2 years |
Co-administration with other vaccines/ medications |
Able to receive the vaccine before or after, or with, other vaccines |
Able to receive oral at the same time as any other live parenteral vaccines. However, the final vaccine dose should be at least three days prior to beginning antibiotics or anti-malarial prophylaxis, as these medications can disrupt the effectiveness of the vaccines. |
Able to receive the vaccine before or after, or with, other vaccines |
Contraindications |
Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after a previous dose of any typhoid vaccine or after any component of a typhoid vaccine |
Pregnant woman People who are immunocompromised, including people with HIV
|
Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) after a previous dose of any typhoid vaccine or after any component of a typhoid vaccine |
Potential Adverse Effects |
Generally safe
|
Generally safe, potential adverse effects are:
|
Generally safe
|
Like any medication, the typhoid vaccines have the potential to cause side effects. The most common side effects of the typhoid vaccine are soreness at the injection site, fever, headache, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. Talk to your doctor before getting a typhoid vaccine if you have any medical conditions.
Food handlers, especially restaurant owners, hawkers, canteen/stall owners and all their employees who handle food are required to get the Typhoid vaccine in Malaysia.
Image source: AOEMM
Other than food handlers, it is also recommended for individuals travelling to places where typhoid fever is endemic. The injectable vaccine should be taken at least two weeks before travelling and the oral vaccine one week before the journey.
As a consumer, choose not to eat at places that are unclean and practise good hygiene by washing hands and eating with clean utensils too. Be on the lookout for the appearance, smell and taste of the food that you are eating, throw it out if you sense that the meal has gone stale.
This article is written by Ke Feng, Bpharm(Hons) DOC2US,
reviewed by Dr. Lee Siew Ling, MD (DOC2US).
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